Prolonged diarrhea during pregnancy can negatively affect the baby’s health, primarily through risks like dehydration and nutritional deficiencies in the mother. Severe or persistent diarrhea may lead to dehydration, which can reduce placental blood flow and nutrient delivery to the fetus. This can cause complications such as fetal growth restriction, low birth weight, preterm labor, and even stillbirth in extreme cases. Studies have also found that diarrhea during pregnancy may increase the risk of having a small for gestational age (SGA) infant, who is at higher risk for neonatal complications and mortality. Thus, while mild diarrhea may resolve without harm, prolonged or severe diarrhea requires prompt medical attention to protect both mother and baby during pregnancy.
Effects on Baby’s Health
- Fetal malnutrition and growth restriction due to maternal dehydration and poor nutrient absorption.
- Increased risk of small for gestational age (SGA) infants who face higher neonatal mortality and morbidity.
- Potential for preterm labor triggered by severe maternal illness or dehydration.
- Risk of stillbirth in untreated severe cases.
Important Maternal Concerns Affecting Baby
- Dehydration leading to electrolyte imbalances and compromised placental function.
- Fatigue and exhaustion impacting maternal capability to sustain fetal development.
- Potential infections from foodborne illness that can directly threaten fetal health.
Recommendations
- Seek prompt medical care if diarrhea lasts more than 48 hours or is accompanied by severe symptoms like fever, blood in stool, or signs of dehydration.
- Maintain proper hydration and electrolyte balance.
- Follow medical advice for treatment and monitoring during pregnancy for diarrhea to prevent adverse fetal outcomes.
In summary, prolonged diarrhea in pregnancy can seriously affect the baby’s health by impairing growth and increasing risks during pregnancy, emphasizing the need for timely management and medical vigilance.
